⇥ Now showing: PHP’s true colours
Suppose you’re a hacker. Suppose you’ve found a vulnerability in the current PHP 4 codebase. What would you do?
The scenario above is not that unlikely. Security researchers like Stefan Esser have found a number of vulnerabilities in the PHP codebase, which they have disclosed and helped fix in the past.
However, for every honest Esser out there, it’s safe to think that there are plenty of less well-intentioned people who may be able to find security issues in PHP without feeling compelled to disclose them. If they want to wreak havoc, all they have to do is wait eleven months and let all hell break loose.
The PHP 4 end-of-life announcement should be sending everyone who runs a PHP 4-based system scrambling to port their software to a newer version of PHP—or, maybe, to another language whose developers don’t feel like writing a 300-message thread to choose a keyword (sorry, internals subscribers—I love you all, but I couldn’t resist poking fun at this).
As usual, however, a lot of people are asleep at the wheel, and a lot more are just scratching their heads—likely wondering “how am I supposed to do this?”
Of these, I’m sure that a large number are owners of small hosting firms—which, by far, provide the vast majority of PHP-powered websites that Netcraft carefully tracks for us—that sell cheap shared hosting. You see, they have a rather large problem: cheap hosting makes for small profits and noisy customers.
If you provide shared-hosting plans, it’s likely that your servers are still running PHP 4. Upgrading to PHP 5 is a logistical nightmare for two reasons: first, you don’t necessarily know that you’ll be able to properly set up and secure your systems; second, you don’t know that your customers’ applications will keep on running.
The dark art of running PHP
The PHP mailing lists are littered with comments along the lines of this one—from folks who are trying to figure out how changes in the PHP codebase are going to affect their business (in this case, in the long term, but there are plenty of problems that are going to show up in the short term, too).
Hosting is essentially a numbers business. You need a given number of customers per server and a given number of servers to cover your costs—of which things like hardware, bandwidth and utilities are usually not the largest. With margins already razor-thin, having to invest in figuring out how to properly secure a server can push you over the edge—and many may choose to simply sit things out and let PHP 4 run longer than its shelf life really allows.
The customer dilemma
Hell hath no fury like a customer scorned. And the amount of fury, in my experience, is inversely proportional the amount spent. It’s unlikely that folks who decide to spend $5.99 a month for hosting have the know-how or resources to deal with porting their code from a PHP 4 base to PHP 5. What’s more, code that runs on these low-end hosting accounts is likely to be poorly written or rely on archaic techniques that have been progressively obliterated by the PHP development team because of their inherent lack of performance or unsafety.
If a hosting company simply upgrades to PHP 5, it’s well possible that the code run by a large number of its customers is simply going to stop working. Are these customers going to blame their own poor software product? Of course not—it was working before.
If there’s anyone they’re going to blame, it’s going to be the hosting companies—and, when you’re making $6 a month from a customer, a single e-mail is enough to turn whatever tiny profit you can make into a loss—particularly so because the customer is unlikely to know understand what the problem is.
What can we do?
The consequences of doing nothing can be catastrophic. Hosting companies that fail to upgrade run the risk of leaving their customers exposed to potentially serious flaws that could wreak all sorts of havoc with their code. As a community, we cannot afford to let this happen—because whatever backlash is going to take place will eventually trace its way to PHP itself.
If you own a hosting company, now is the time to let your customers know that the switch is coming. You should get your PHP 5 servers set up now and offer incentives for customers to switch their sites as soon as possible—it’s going to cost you some money now, but it will save you considerably in the future. You should also consider setting up resources that can help your customers with the switch—such as a web pages with links to relevant documentation, or a marketplace for your less tech-savvy customers to find inexpensive help to port their code over.
If you are part of the community, the best thing that you can do is to help provide a clear upgrade path from PHP 4 to PHP 5. We at php|architect are making preparations to provide a well-organized set of resources for this purpose, and there are a number of resources already available out there.
Make no mistake about it: the success and penetration of PHP 4 make this a prime problem that can have some very dire consequences on PHP itself. If nothing is done about it, when can kiss our 20 million PHP-powered sites goodbye.
Comments
Yep that’s the problem, hosting companies will not force their users to upgrade and also companies will not pay for work to be done on their sites to upgrade them to PHP 5.
I’ve got a ton of PHP 4 sites which I handle, but will the companies pay for me to work on them and upgrade them? I doubt it. It’s just too much money for them.
The reasons you touched on are the very reasons that PHP 4 is still being used today. Either PHP 5 will take over or another language will, this could be the death or rise of PHP.
Great article, i forwarded it to my webhost and he’s going to get into gear for the switch. Fortunately, most of his servers are already running on PHP5.
Well, the approach the hosting company I use uses is to provide BOTH PHP 4.x and 5.x. on different servers.
You can tell them which one you want. Or they’ll help you decide.
What’s so hard about this? If a hosting company cannot manage such a simple thing as offering different versions of PHP, then they’re fly by nighters who probably loose customers as fast as they get them.
So, from the point of view of a hosting company, the proposal is to take the pain of migrating to PHP 5, then to return to this hell when PHP 6 is released?
I’m not sure that dropping anything at this point is advantageous for anyone but the PHP internals team.
And gophp5.org is only marketing to hosting teams and developers; nobody’s trying to reach the end-users with the installed base of PHP4 apps.
It took quite a few years for PHP 4 to become obsolete, so I don’t think that PHP 5 is going to go the way of the dodo that quickly.
I never said that dropping PHP 4 is advantageous to the hosting companies. My post is about the fact that whether you like it or not this problem is not going away—and a lot of people are not doing anything about it.
I can happily recommend ICDSoft as a nice, cheap shared-hosting site that has offered the choice between PHP 4 and PHP 5 (on the same server, on a per-directory basis) for well over a year now.
The other part of the puzzle is for users to be savvy enough to choose applications that are friendly to PHP 5. The PHP apps I run on a few different sites are Serendipity, dokuwiki, WebCalendar, Gallery, and Drupal.
Maybe I’m atypical, but I’m not getting all worked up about the death of PHP 4. The major apps already work with PHP 5; the minor apps that don’t work are probably due for a re-evaluation anyways.
Mr. Cavalier Attitude,
Dan
A2 Hosting is getting rid of their last 3 PHP 4 servers in September. Anyone hosting there *has* to be PHP 5-compatible
For all the hosting companies struggling with this problem, please have a look at my article ‘Migrating from PHP4 to PHP5: A strategy for ISPs’.
It shows you how to set up a second instance of Apache on a different port (8800), running PHP5. Which gives your customers a chance to check if their site runs well under PHP5 before switching.
PHP5 has been available for 3 years, the hosting companies have had plenty of oppotunity to make the switch – I have absolutely no sympathy for those who have left it til the last minute, and even then needed to be pushed.
There’s another possibility: PHP is open source software. Nothing prevents a new team from picking up PHP4 and continuing to support it with security upgrades. This would be far from a trivial undertaking but it’s absolutely within the realm of possibility. Businesses with a financial interest in remaining on PHP4 would do well to support any such effort ($).
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